Perhaps you’ve heard of net neutrality—and about some tussle over it.
And perhaps you’ve let it slide from your consciousness, because it doesn’t seem like it could concern you, especially in India.
But lend me your eyes for a few minutes, and let me tell you how India’s telcos and telecom regulators are trying to pull wool over them.
First, is there a problem now? Actually no. You’ve enjoyed the internet, the way it’s supposed to be—freely and fully.
But in just about two weeks from now—April 22 to be precise—the Indian telecom regulators are preparing to recommend that it all change. Against you.
The big fight
Till recently, the telecom companies enjoyed a great run in India, making tens of thousands of crores in profits over a long run, as India grew to 800 million mobile phone users from virtually nothing.
During this time, they largely focused on selling voice minutes, while at the backend, they have been using voice over internet protocol (VOIP) to connect with other telcos and deliver calls using the internet. And given that the cost of VOIP is a tiny fraction of the cost of traditional voice calls they were charging, they raked in the moolah.
But now, thanks to the likes of WhatsApp, Skype and Google Hangout, consumers can get the same voice calls delivered at internet prices, direct to their handsets. This has the telcos running scared; their margins are eroding.
So now the telcos want to charge for the internet differently—based on how you use it. By now you’re saying, “Sure, if I use more bits and bytes, I’m ready to pay more.” Actually, as bandwidth is infinite, the cost of bandwidth goes down globally all the time—you rarely pay more. But the telcos know this.
This is different. Telcos want the right to charge what they want, when they want and how they want, with no logic whatsoever. In effect, if Airtel doesn’t like YouTube, but wants to push its own video app Wynk, it wants the right to offer that for free, while charging you a bomb to access YouTube.
One telco, Reliance, has already gone ahead with this Facebook-driven evil scheme called Internet.org, where you can access Bing for free, but you have to pay to access Google; and you have access to BabaJob for free, while you have to pay for Naukri.com.
They’ve sold it as a “solution for poor countries,” but what they really mean is that it’s a “solution to keep countries poor”.
Against the very nature of the internet
In the US, this kind of differential pricing at whim has been made illegal. The US government has ruled strongly in favour of net neutrality.
But in India, the telcos have managed to get one person to write a consultation paper, on behalf of the supposedly independent Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), asking for public opinion on allowing telcos to break net neutrality.
The note, which is terribly written, and deeply biased, can be accessed here.
However, if you don’t want to read through 117 pages of shoddily written propaganda, full of deliberately confusing jargon, there’s a much shorter summary, available here, written by Nikhil Pahwa of MediaNama, an analytical website on digital and telecom businesses. A set of answers to frequently asked questions are right here.
But if you are looking for a really, really short summary, here is the logic in the TRAI paper: Telcos have invested lots of money to build out the network. They used to make a lot of money off it. But now other people are making money on this network, because they innovated while the telcos did not—so this is a bad thing. So we need to let telcos charge people however they want, so telcos can make the money they need. Basically: poor telcos. Sob, sob, sniff, sniff.
Full of fallacies
The TRAI consultation paper is a load of complete bullshit for the following reasons.
First fallacy: That the telcos did us a favour. To start with, the airwaves are ours, the people of India’s. Telcos bid for, and paid a license fee to our representatives, the government of India, to temporarily license our airwaves to sell their networks on it. So building out the telecom network in India wasn’t a favour someone did for us.
We asked these firms to do it and they paid us for it and profit from it. They knew what they were buying, they paid for it, and they got it. Now the world has moved past their fat margins on their outdated technologies, and they’ve failed to innovate. Other people, not telcos, have built WhatsApp and Skype. Their problem. Not ours.
Second fallacy: These firms are hurting financially. Nonsense again. Look at the publicly quoted revenue figures of Indian telcos, and you’ll find that, like in any other business, some did very well, some did very badly and others did middlingly okay. Like in any other business.
And look at them historically—they’ve all more than recovered the amounts they bid for the spectrum. No one is in the poorhouse. And even if they get into the poorhouse in the future, we don’t have any sovereign duty to help them out. Business is Darwinian. They didn’t innovate. We don’t need to bail them out.
Third fallacy: That there is a natural reason we need to be telco-friendly as technology changes. Nope again. Consider this analogy. We own our water. Let’s say we want to license a firm or set of firms to distribute our water to residents across town. Some private and public firms, after open and transparent bidding, get these licenses. They distribute water, charge for it and all is well.
Now, after a little while, one person who gets water decides to use it to make soft drinks. He uses more water, and pays for it, at the agreed-to rate. And he sells the soft drinks. Another uses the water, pays for it, and sets up beautiful water fountains that people pay him to come and see. A third uses the water, pays for it, and opens a water park, where kids come and enjoy themselves.
Now imagine that the water distribution companies could have done any and all of these things all along, but chose not to. Now they get jealous of these other businesses, and want to be allowed to charge soft drink users and water park visitors any fee, without any logic, without it being based on water usage.
You’d say it was ridiculous. It is
The TRAI paper is trying to make a make-believe case that telcos and internet service providers (ISPs) who chose not to innovate should be compensated for their incompetence.
What can we end up with if we allow this to pass?
One, shoddier products. Like Reliance and Facebook, which are together offering Facebook for free and Twitter at a price, or Babajob free, but asking you to pay to access Naukri, or forcing you to use Bing because it is free unlike Google, allowing anti-net-neutrality will make our internet experience worse.
And I say this, not because I have any grudge against Facebook, Babajob and Bing, but because I think we consumers should have the ability to pick whichever social network, job site and search engine we want, and not leave it to some rapacious telco or social network to decide what we should use.
Two, higher bills. It’s one thing to charge for bandwidth, and no one should have a problem with that. The price of that is falling anyway, as it should. Today, I have a 2 mbps connection at home for the same amount that I used to have a 256 kbps connection a few years ago. And I’m happy to pay for 10mbps too, if it comes to my home or my phone and does so at price I can afford. Or I can choose to save money and stay at 2 mbps as it becomes cheaper. It’s my choice.
But it is completely wrong for me to have to pay Airtel or Vodafone or some ISP any money to specifically access YouTube, or Skype, or any particular site that they decide to charge for at their whim and fancy. These folks are the pipe-layers, and their job is to push stuff through the pipes, which we can pay for, based on how much of the stuff they push is used by us. They have no other rights.
What we do with the bandwidth must be up to us, not up to some profiteering telecom tycoon in Gurgaon or Mumbai.
What can you do to help?
The telcos, their cosy cabal, the Cellular Operators Association of India, and the author of the TRAI paper are trying to push through anti-net-neutrality in India.
There are a few things you can do to stop them, and to ensure net neutrality. One, sign this petition.
Two, write directly to TRAI at advqos@trai.gov.in. The author of the TRAI paper may be biased, but it is a government body after all, and they have to listen to you. Here’s one suggested text of what you can mail them. Do modify at will:
Dear TRAI,
I am writing to express my concern against the actions that telecom carriers are taking to restrict fair access to the internet (net neutrality). I believe the internet is a vital resource—it helps me communicate, work, and thrive as a citizen. If telecom operators can discriminate internet traffic on the basis of which services pay the most, we are allowing telcos control over a vital and necessary technological resource. By doing so we allow them to define what information we can view; what entertainment we can access; and how companies can innovate.
This is completely unfair and harms India’s long term role in the global market. I strongly believe the growth of telecoms and the well-being of the internet can go hand-in-hand. I’m asking for a framework to ensure long term and fair access for all services regardless of size. I want my generation and those that come after me to have unfettered access to the Internet, with no telcos or ISPs having the ability to charge for specific services I use on top of it. Please understand that the internet is an important resource and vital to me and to every other Indian citizen. I would like to see it kept free and protected under Net Neutrality to ensure fair and equal access for all and forever.
Regards,
{Your name}
Three, if you do have access to Ravi Shankar Prasad, India’s telecom minister, or anybody else in the ruling party, tell them that you believe strongly in net neutrality, and that you expect the government to take a strong stand on it.
We have just about two weeks left. Let’s not allow the telcos to get away with this.
Follow Mahesh on Twitter @maheshmurthy. This post first appeared on LinkedIn.com. We welcome your comments at ideas.india@qz.com.