A Libyan photographer documented his country’s crisis. Then it cost him his life

Standing guard.
Standing guard.
Image: AP Photo/Mohamed Ben Khalifa, File
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In his best-selling debut novel In the Country of Men, the Libyan writer Hisham Matar wrote, “Grief loves the hollow; all it wants is to hear its own echo.”

In the eight years since the ousting of longtime strongman Muammar Gaddafi, Libya has been overcome with chaos and sorrow, and a power vacuum that has led extremist militias to vie for control. And in the wake of the incessant violence, journalists, activists, and politicians have been killed, underscoring the heavy toll of the civil war.

The latest victim adding to this mounting grief is freelance photographer Mohamed Ben Khalifa. The 35-year-old was killed by shrapnel while accompanying a militia on patrol south of the capital Tripoli. For years, the award-winning photojournalist captured the in-fighting in the North African country for organizations including the Associated Press.

His body of work for the AP since 2014—spanning 260 photos and scores of videos—was especially cogent and compelling, revealing a country unraveling and a people trying to stay grounded in the face of adversity.

FILE - In this Saturday, Feb. 21, 2015 photo, a Libyan soldier wakes his comrade in Al Ajaylat, 120 kilometers (75 miles) west of Tripoli, Libya. The work of photographer and video journalist Mohamed Ben Khalifa, who was killed in Libya on Saturday, Jan. 19, 2019, reflected Libya's post-2011 chaos of rival militias fighting for control as well as the humanitarian tragedy of waves of people fleeing North Africa, the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa.
A Libyan soldier wakes his comrade.
Image: AP Photo/Mohamed Ben Khalifa, File
FILE - In this Saturday, Feb. 21, 2015 file photo, Libyan soldiers try to fix a weapon that jammed during clashes with militants on the frontline in Al Ajaylat, 120 kilometers (75 miles) west of Tripoli, Libya. The work of photographer and video journalist Mohamed Ben Khalifa, who was killed in Libya on Saturday, Jan. 19, 2019, reflected Libya's post-2011 chaos of rival militias fighting for control as well as the humanitarian tragedy of waves of people fleeing North Africa, the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa.
Fix a jammed weapon
Image: AP Photo/Mohamed Ben Khalifa, File

Embedded with militants in the frontlines, his photos showed fighters fixing their weapons or actively shooting at one another. Ben Khalifa also covered the tragedy and humanitarian crisis stemming from the African migrants trying to reach Europe: the arm of a dead migrant washed up on the Libyan shores or the African mother and her child praying at a church in Tripoli highlighted the heartbreaking plight facing many who take the precarious journey.

FILE - In this Friday, Aug. 28, 2015, file photo, the arm of a dead migrant is seen at the waterfront of Zuwara, about 105 kilometers (65 miles) west of Tripoli, Libya. The work of photographer and video journalist Mohamed Ben Khalifa, who was killed in Libya on Saturday, Jan. 19, 2019, reflected Libya's post-2011 chaos of rival militias fighting for control as well as the humanitarian tragedy of waves of people fleeing North Africa, the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa.
Washed ashore.
Image: AP Photo/Mohamed Ben Khalifa, File
FILE - In this Sunday, Oct. 25, 2015, file, photo, Red Crescent workers carry the lifeless body of a migrant, in the port city of Khoms, Libya. The work of photographer and video journalist Mohamed Ben Khalifa, who was killed in Libya on Saturday, Jan. 19, 2019, reflected Libya's post-2011 chaos of rival militias fighting for control as well as the humanitarian tragedy of waves of people fleeing North Africa, the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa.
Red Crescent workers carry the lifeless body of a migrant.
Image: AP Photo/Mohamed Ben Khalifa, File

The photographer, who is survived by a wife and a seven-month-old daughter, also captured the normalcy of daily life amidst the chaos—be it a wedding or a fashion show.

FILE - In this Saturday, Oct. 10, 2015 file photo, models walk on the stage during a fashion show featuring traditional designs as part of the Culture and Arts Festival at the site of the former royal palace, also known as "People's Palace," in Tripoli, Libya. The work of photographer and video journalist Mohamed Ben Khalifa, who was killed in Libya on Saturday, Jan. 19, 2019, reflected Libya's post-2011 chaos of rival militias fighting for control as well as the humanitarian tragedy of waves of people fleeing North Africa, the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa.
Models walk on the stage during a fashion show featuring traditional designs.
Image: AP Photo/Mohamed Ben Khalifa, File
FILE - In this Sept. 24, 2015 file photo, worshipers attend a sermon during Eid al-Adha at the Martyrs Square in central Tripoli, Libya. The work of photographer and video journalist Mohamed Ben Khalifa, who was killed in Libya on Saturday, Jan. 19, 2019, reflected Libya's post-2011 chaos of rival militias fighting for control as well as the humanitarian tragedy of waves of people fleeing North Africa, the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa.
Worshipers attend a sermon during Eid festivals.
Image: AP Photo/Mohamed Ben Khalifa, File

Ben Khalifa’s death underscores the dangers facing photojournalists working in conflict. Since Libya’s uprising began in 2011, at least 12 journalists were killed in relation to their work, of which 10 were photographers or camera operators, according to the Committee to Protect Journalists. These included photographers Tim Hetherington and Chris Hondros whose plaintive and powerful photos documented Liberia’s 14-year civil war.

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