Theranos, founded in 2003 when Holmes was 19, had once promised to revolutionize the world of blood testing by reducing sample sizes from a full draw to a single pinprick. But a 2015 Wall Street Journal exposé revealed that the tests didn’t do as much as they said — and also operated similarly to normal blood tests. Before Holmes was convicted and ordered to pay $452 million in restitution, she settled a civil suit from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, in which the agency said she and co-founder Sunny Balwani (himself sentenced to 13 years in prison) had perpetuated a “massive fraud” on their customers and investors. Theranos shut down in 2018.